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Michaelene Gerster Trocola
Illinois USA
From: NEW BEGINNINGS, Vol. 22 No. 6, November-December 2005, pp. 238-243
❖Out and About❖
外出的时候
An exclusively breastfed baby will need to nurse every couple of hours, especially in the early months. Some babies may nurse more often. If you feel confident and comfortable with your location and the surrounding people, don't hesitate to breastfeed your baby.
纯母乳喂养的宝宝可能每隔几小时就要吃一次奶，特别是那些只有几个月大的宝宝。一些宝宝也许吃得次数更多。如果你对周围的环境和人感到信任和放心的时候，请大胆地为你的宝宝哺乳。
Wherever the destination, it will prove helpful to evaluate your surroundings upon arrival. At a shopping center, for example, be on the lookout for accessible spots to nurse before your baby is hungry. Many stores designate rooms for breastfeeding mothers, but remember that a hungry baby will not be a patient baby! Having a few areas in mind instead of searching for that "perfect" spot with a cranky baby will be easier on you both. In restaurants, request a seat that is out of the way of high traffic areas -- the less you have to move your chair to accommodate passersby, the better. Beware of the common suggestion to use a public toilet facility while breastfeeding. Adults and bottle-fed babies aren't expected to eat in a toilet facility, the same should hold true for breastfed babies.
无论目的地在哪里，到达之后马上考察周围的环境是很有帮助的。例如在商场里，在宝宝饿了之前先选择好几个适合母乳喂养的地方。很多商店里面专门为哺乳妈妈设置有母婴室，但是请记住，一个饥饿的宝宝可不是一个很有耐心的宝宝！在脑海中记住几个地点比带着焦急不安的宝宝寻找最佳哺乳地点对你俩来说要简单的多。如果是在餐厅里，要求一个远离高人流量的座位──旁人通过时越少移动你的椅子越好。请当心那常见的要你利用公厕进行哺乳的建议，大人和奶粉喂养的宝宝不需要在厕所里吃东西，母乳喂养的宝宝也应该一样。
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Some women are more concerned about nursing in front of family members and friends than in front of strangers -- that's because criticism and questions from people we don't know are usually easier to ignore. If you're criticized for breastfeeding during a family gathering, there are ways to diffuse the situation. Remember that some people may just not be aware of the exquisite benefits of human milk. It's also possible that your dedication to breastfeeding makes them defensive or feel criticized for their own parenting choices. As explained in a New Beginnings article by Marianne Vakiener, five tactful ways to respond to criticism involve:
相比在陌生人面前哺乳，有些妈妈反而更介意在家人和朋友面前哺乳，因为陌生人的质疑和问题很容易被忽略。如果你在家庭聚会的时候因母乳喂养而遭到质疑，有一些方法可以缓和当时的气氛。请记住，有的人只是不知道母乳有这么多好处罢了。也有可能是你对母乳喂养的极力推崇使他们觉得需要为自己选择的喂养方式辩解或是感觉遭受到了批判。Marianne Vakiener在《新起点》的文章中提到，有以下五种方式来回应质疑：
Ignore: walking away or changing the subject;
忽视：走开或转移话题
Inform: sharing books, articles, or a medical professional's thoughts on breastfeeding according to baby's needs;
提供信息：分享书、文章或医学专家对于依宝宝需求喂奶的观点
Humor: making a joke about the situation or yourself, not the other person;
幽默：对自己目前的处境开一个玩笑，注意不要开他人的玩笑
Acknowledge: recognizing the person's viewpoint and asking further questions without agreeing or responding to criticism;
承认：承认他人的观点，在不表示同意或回应质疑的情况下继续询问其他的问题
Empathize: being empathetic to demonstrate that you understand the other person's feeling and meaning.
共情:表示出你非常理解他们的感觉和想表达的意思
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Employing one of these tactics may work for you in difficult situations when the value of breastfeeding is questioned.
当你的母乳喂养的观点遭受质疑时，使用其中一种方法来应对或许可以度过困境。
Clothing Makes a Difference
The right clothing can make nursing simple and inconspicuous. Two piece outfits or tops that unbutton from the bottom are convenient because they can be pulled up or opened from the waist. If you're concerned about modesty, clothing can be arranged to cover the breast. Depending on the position used, your baby may also cover your torso. Many companies sell stylish nursing bras, shirts, tank tops, and dresses with concealed openings for breastfeeding. Become familiar with how they open so that you can quickly and easily latch your baby on to the breast. (A variety of clothing retailers advertise in NEW BEGINNINGS magazine. For more information, see the pages within or go to the "Valued Advertisers" section of the LLLI Web site at www.lalecheleague.org/valued.html.)
哺乳装：让喂奶更轻松
合适的哺乳装可以让喂奶更加简单和低调。两片式开口的套装或者上衣可以从腰间拉开或者打开，相当方便。如果你考虑到端庄，可调整衣服以遮挡住。改变哺乳的姿势，宝宝也可以遮挡住你的胸部。不少公司都出售时尚哺乳文胸、T恤、无袖上衣和裙子，它们有隐蔽开口以方便哺乳。熟悉开口方式能让你快速轻易地喂奶。（《新起点》杂志登了很多哺乳装零售商的广告。如需了解更多，你可以登录LLLI网站参考“有用的广告信息”一节，网址：www.lalecheleague.org/valued.html）
Babywearing (carrying your baby in a sling or a pouch carrier) also lends itself to inconspicuous nursing. As your baby shows early signs of hunger or fussiness, adjust his position and your clothing for nursing. The extra fabric from some baby carriers can easily be pulled over your baby's head and you can continue with the task at hand. With the fabric of the carrier blocking out distractions, your baby can settle down to the business of eating and may nurse quietly off to sleep. This strategy is one that can become a familiar routine for you and your baby, making it more likely that he will be comfortable with it even in unfamiliar places.
把宝宝背起来（用背巾或者育儿袋）也能让哺乳变得“低调一些”。宝宝有点饿或困时，调整他的姿势和你的衣服以方便喂奶。有些背巾的一端有多余的布料可以将之放在宝宝的头部，这样你就能方便操作。有了背巾布的遮挡，宝宝可以安心地吃奶然后舒舒服服地睡着。这个办法可以成为你和宝宝熟悉的常规，因此更有可能就算在陌生环境中，宝宝也可以感觉很舒服。
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Some sources suggest putting a baby blanket over your shoulder so that it drapes over your baby's head. Some babies don't like this strategy much, so it doesn't work for every mother and baby. Also, the blanket-over-the-shoulder approach creates a distinctive look that announces to everyone in sight that a breastfeeding baby is present. Many breastfeeding mothers prefer more inconspicuous strategies for breastfeeding in public places.
还有人建议在肩上搭一块婴儿毯来遮住宝宝的头。不过有些宝宝不喜欢头被罩住，所以这个办法并非对所有母婴都适用。而且肩上披毯子的姿势看上去很怪，等于向每个人昭告你正在喂奶。大多数妈妈还是喜欢采用更低调的办法来解决公众场合喂奶的问题。
If you're self-conscious about what you might be revealing while latching baby onto the breast or breastfeeding, practice at home. Your partner, a close friend, or even a mirror can give helpful feedback and put you at ease. And don't forget about attending La Leche League meetings! They provide the perfect setting to connect with other mothers, learn about breastfeeding, and, of course, see live demonstrations of how other mothers go about nursing their babies or toddlers in public. Family, friends, and LLL meetings are wonderful sources of information, support, and encouragement. (To find an LLL meeting near you, call 800-LALECHE or go to www.lalecheleague.org.)
如果你对喂奶或宝宝含乳时袒露胸部或者感到不自在，你可以在家多练习。你可以对着伴侣、好友甚至镜子喂奶，这样会得到很有用的反馈信息，让你放松。还有不要忘记参加国际母乳会聚会，它是你与其他妈妈交流以及学习母乳喂养的良好机会。你可以在聚会上看其他妈妈亲身示范如何在公众场合给婴儿或者学步儿喂奶。家人、朋友以及国际母乳会聚会都是获得信息、支持和鼓励的不错对象。（如果想参加身旁的国际母乳会聚会，你可以致电800-LALECHE或者访问www.lalecheleague.org）
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Breastfeeding with Confidence
Mothers are often surprised by how few people realize they're breastfeeding once they're comfortable and have mastered the art of nursing in public. The more you nurse in the presence of others, the less you may find yourself worrying about the thoughts of people around you. Go ahead: make eye contact with passersby or relax and enjoy the moment. Your positive attitude can even influence others and help create a society that is more breastfeeding friendly.
As Behrmann notes:I've long believed that to nurse in public does more than meet the needs of a child; it does a public service....For despite the ways in which the cultural milieu makes our nursing experiences more complicated, one feeding at a time, one woman at a time, we change the world. (Behrmann 2005)
自信地哺乳
妈妈们掌握公共场合哺乳技巧之后都很惊讶几乎没人注意到她们在喂奶。在人前喂得越多，就越不在意旁人。大胆地和路人眼神交流或者放松身心享受这一刻。积极的态度甚至会感染他人，有利于创造一个对“母乳喂养更友善”的社会。
Behrman认为在公众场合哺乳不仅是给孩子喂奶，同时也是一种公共服务。尽管文化环境让喂奶变得复杂，但从每次喂奶每个妈妈做起，我们可以改变整个世界。(Behrmann 2005)
At the moment, your main concern is probably making your baby's world the best it can be. As a breastfeeding mother, you're off to a great start. Listen to your baby, follow your mothering instincts, and decide what your level of comfort is for breastfeeding in public. Whether you choose to nurse in front of a few close family members and friends or in a crowded area of unknown faces, do so with confidence. No explanations are necessary.
可能你目前最关心的是如何给宝宝最好的世界。作为母乳喂养妈妈，你已经给了宝宝一个好开始。听从宝宝的需求，跟着母性本能走，对于在公共场合哺乳，你自己来决定怎么做。不管是在亲朋好友面前还是尽是陌生面孔的拥挤人群中喂奶，自信地进行，无需解释。
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References
Behrmann, B. The Breastfeeding Café. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 2005.
Dettwyler, K.A. "Beauty and the Breast: The Cultural Context of Breastfeeding in the United States," in Breastfeeding: Biocultural Perspectives, (New York: Adline de Gruyter, 1995) 167-215.
Flower, H. "Nursing Mothers Have Rights, Too." St. Petersburg Times, 14 August 2005.
Granju, K.A. Attachment Parenting. New York, New York: Pocket Books, 1999.
Kuczka, S. "Mom Tells of Park Incident" Chicago Tribune, 15 June 2005.
La Leche League International. THE WOMANLY ART OF BREASTFEEDING. Schaumburg, Illinois: La Leche League International, 2004.
O'Mara, P. Natural Family Living. New York, New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000.
Pugliese, A.R. Breastfeeding in public. NEW BEGINNINGS 2000; 17(6):196-200.
Schiedel, E. and Chiono, M. Breastfeeding and Sexuality. La Leche League International, 2000. Publication No. 926-17.
Vakiener, M. Responding to criticism. NEW BEGINNINGS 1999; 16(4):116-19.
