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本文为10月21-24日美国华盛顿游戏治疗主席Cary Hamilton的课程“游戏治疗全接触”的课程资料。
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Glossary of Play Therapy Terms (2016)
游戏治疗术语表
Charles E. Schaefer, Ph.D., RPT-S & Mary Anne Peabody, Ed.D., RPT-S
Adlerian Play Therapy. An integrated approach that combines both non-directive and directive play to encourage, teach, and partner with the child and parents to foster egalitarian relations, social interest, explore lifestyles, gain insight, and teach new skills.
阿德勒游戏治疗：一种结合非指导性和指导性游戏，以鼓励、教授、以伙伴的身份与孩子和家长工作，从而促进平等关系、社会交往兴趣、探索生活方式、获取洞见、教授新技能的整合方法。
Adolescent Play Therapy. The application of play therapy approaches specifically geared for adolescents, ages 13 to 19 years.
青少年游戏治疗：特别针对13-19岁青少年应用的游戏治疗方法。
Adult Play Therapy. The application of play therapy approaches specifically geared for adults, ages 20 years and up.
成人游戏治疗：特别针对20岁以上成人应用的游戏治疗方法。
Animal-Assisted Play Therapy (AAPT). “The use of animals in the context of play therapy, in which appropriately trained therapists and animals engage which children and families primarily through systematic play interventions, with the goal of improving children’s development and psychosocial health as well as the animal’s well-being.” (Vanfleet, 2007 as cited in Vanfleet, 2008, p.19)
动物辅助的游戏治疗：在游戏治疗的情境下对动物的使用，由受过适宜训练的治疗师和动物参与到孩子和家庭的系统性游戏干预中，目标既包括改善孩子的发展和心理健康，也包括改善动物福祉。
Art Therapy. A method of psychological treatment that is based on using art as a form of communication and self-expression or as a form of visual language through which clients express their thoughts and feelings.
美术治疗：一种以对美术的使用为基础的心理治疗，将美术作为沟通和自我表达的形式，或作为来访者表达思想和感受的视觉语言形式。
Child-Centered Play Therapy. An approach wherein the Therapist believes that children have the innate ability to be constructively self-directing and self-healing if provided the essential conditions of unconditional positive regard, empathic understanding, and congruence by the therapist.
儿童中心的游戏治疗：在这种治疗方法中，治疗师相信，如果治疗师提供无条件积极关注、共情的理解、一致性这些核心的条件，儿童就拥有以建设性的方式来自我指导、自我疗愈的内在能力。
Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy. A therapeutic approach that teach clients, through play activities, how to control their thoughts so they can better manage their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
认知－行为游戏治疗：一种治疗性方法，通过游戏活动教会来访者如何控制自己的思想，从而更好地管理自己的思想、感受、行为。
Directive Play Therapy. An intervention wherein the therapist assumes responsibility for initiating and structuring the client’s play activities in order to promote healing.
指导性游戏治疗：治疗师承担发起和为来访者的游戏活动提供结构以促进疗愈的一种干预。
Dyadic Play Therapy. A short-term approach that uses play interactions to foster friendship skills in a pair of children.
双人游戏治疗：使用游戏干预来在一对儿童之间形成友谊的一种短期方法。
Ecosystemic Play Therapy. A developmentally sensitive approach that takes an all-inclusive view of the systems impacting a child’s life to formulate a case conceptualization and treatment plan that focuses on maximizing children getting their needs met so as to gain enjoyment in life.
生态系统性游戏治疗：一种对发展保持敏感的方法，用一种全面的视角去看待影响一个儿童生活的系统，聚焦于最大化满足儿童的需要从而获得对生活的喜悦，在此前提下形成个案概念化和治疗计划。
Experiential Play Therapy. A synthesis and extension of the principles of relationship play therapy and child-centered play therapy.
体验性游戏治疗：一种对关系游戏治疗和以儿童为中心的游戏治疗的综合和拓展。
Empirically Based Play Therapy. Play interventions whose effectiveness has been supported by well–controlled outcome studies.
基于实证的游戏治疗：使用有效性已经被研究有效支持的干预。
Evidence-Based Practice in Play Therapy. Evidence-based practice is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences. (American Psychological Association. Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice, 2006, p.273)
游戏治疗中基于实证的实践：基于实证的实践是指集合病人的特点、文化、偏好，将可获取的最好研究与临床专业知识整合在一起的实践。
Filial Play Therapy. An Intervention wherein therapists train and supervise parents or guardians to conduct child-centered play therapy with their children.
子女游戏治疗：一种干预方式，治疗师培训并督导父母或其他监护人引导自己的孩子做以儿童为中心的治疗。
Game Play Therapy. A psychotherapeutic method that utilizes a variety of game forms, such as board games or card games, to help apply the therapeutic powers of play.
竞游游戏治疗：一种心理治疗方法，运用一系列不同的游戏形式，如桌面游戏或纸牌游戏，来帮助运用游戏的治疗性力量。
Gestalt Play Therapy. An approach that uses play activities to promote the development of client self-awareness and personal responsibility with a focus on the present.
格式塔游戏治疗：一种运用游戏活动促进来访者的自我觉察、个人责任，聚焦当下的方法。
Group Play Therapy. A model involving play interactions between two or more children under the facilitation of a trained therapist.
团体游戏治疗：一种在一名受训治疗师的引导下，有两个或更多的孩子参与的游戏互动模式。
Integrative Play Therapy. A treatment that combines interventions from two or more schools of play therapy.
整合性游戏治疗：一种结合两个或更多游戏治疗流派干预方式的治疗。
Jungian Play Therapy. An approach that seeks to increase clients’ awareness of their inner world by facilitating and interpreting symbolic expression in fantasy play to help them become psychologically whole.
荣格游戏治疗：一种通过在想象游戏中，引导和解读象征性表达，以帮助来访者在心理上更为完整，发展对其内在世界觉察的方法。
Narrative Play Therapy. An approach that helps children to communicate difficult situations and emotions through co-constructed stories with their therapist.
叙事游戏治疗：一种通过与治疗师共同建构故事，帮助儿童交流困难的处境和情感的方法。
Nondirective Play Therapy. Based on the belief that children have an innate drive towards health and healing, this approach leaves the responsibility and direction of the play sessions to the child.
非指导性游戏治疗：基于这样的信念：儿童拥有朝向健康和疗愈的内在动力，这种方法将每次游戏治疗的责任和方向留给儿童自己。
Object-Relations Play Therapy. An integrative approach for children with attachment disorders that combines the research based on children’s thematic play with a neuropsychobiological framework to alter negative working models of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
客体关系游戏治疗：一种与有依恋障碍的儿童工作的整合性方法，结合基于儿童主体性玩耍的研究与神经心理生物框架，从而扭转在思维、感受、行为上的负面工作模式。
Pathological Play. A play activity that results in physical and/or psychological harm to self or others.
病理性游戏：会引起对自己或他人的身体和／或心理伤害的游戏活动。
Play. An activity with the following key attributes: freedom from constraints of reality, positive affect, flexibility, intrinsic motivation, inner control, and a focus on the process of the activity rather than the outcome.
游戏：一种有着如下关键特征的活动：不受现实限制的自由，积极情感、内发动力、内在控制、关注活动的过程而非产出。
Playfulness. A natural disposition to engage in play behaviors.
玩乐性（玩兴）：一种积极参与到游戏行为中的自然特质。
Play-Based Assessment. The use of play to gather information about a child in order to make decisions about his or her treatment or education.
基于游戏的评估：使用游戏收集一个儿童的信息，从而做出与他／她的治疗或教育相关的决定。
Play Skill. The ability to perform a play activity competently (e.g. block play).
游戏技能：胜任某项游戏活动的能力（如：积木游戏）。
Play Therapist. A licensed mental health professional who is credentialed as a play therapist by a national play therapy association.
游戏治疗师：由一个国家游戏治疗协会认证为游戏治疗师的持证心理健康专业人士。
Play Therapy. “The systematic use of a theoretical model to establish an interpersonal process wherein trained play therapists use the therapeutic powers of play to help clients prevent or resolve psychosocial difficulties and achieve optimal growth and development.” (Association for Play Therapy, 1997, p.7).
游戏治疗：“系统使用某种理论模型来建立一种人际互动过程，受训的游戏治疗师使用游戏的治疗性力量帮助来访者防止或解决心理社会上的困难，并达成理想的成长和发展。”
Play Therapy Strategy. A therapeutic response by the therapist to what the client has just said or done during play (e.g. reflecting feelings, limit setting).
游戏治疗策略：治疗师对来访者在游戏中所说或所做的治疗性回应（如：情感反应、设定边界）。
Play Therapy Technique. A play procedure initiated and structured by the therapist to promote therapeutic change in a client (e.g., Mutual Storytelling).
游戏治疗技术：一种由治疗师发起或结构的游戏过程，旨在促进来访者发生治疗性的改变（如：共同讲故事）。
Play Therapy Theory. A set of interrelated ideas and principles that provide a broad theoretical framework for understanding how experiences affect children, how psychopathology develops, and how to remedy it through play interactions.
游戏治疗理论：一系列相互关联的主张和原则，提供广泛的理论框架，以理解经验对儿童的影响，精神病理的发展，以及如何通过游戏互动进行修复。
Posttraumatic Play. A child’s repetitive and compulsive reenactment in play of a traumatic experience without gaining relief from the anxiety associated with the event.
创伤后游戏：儿童在创伤性经验中不断出现的重复性和强迫性扮演行为，在这些行为中并未获得与事件相关的焦虑释放。
Prescriptive Play Therapy. Based on evidence of “what works,” this approach employs an eclectic range of play therapy theories and techniques so as to tailor the intervention to the individual needs of clients.
指定游戏治疗：这种方法基于“有作用的”证据，应用选定的游戏治疗理论和技术，设计符合来访者个体需求的干预方式。
Pretend Play. Playing as if something or someone fictitious is real.
假装游戏：在玩耍中把某些想象的事情或人当作是真实的。
Psychoanalytic Play Therapy. An approach that uses play to facilitate the emergence of unconscious material in the client so that interpretations of the therapist can explicate the meaning of this material and thus promote healing.
心理分析游戏治疗：一种使用游戏协助来访者的潜意识素材涌现，以使治疗师可以外化解读该素材的意义，从而促进治疗。
Psychodynamic Play Therapy. A simpler and less lengthy alternative to psychoanalytic play therapy, this approach is based on the premise that many surface psychological problems of children are rooted in the conscious &/or unconscious emotional difficulties expressed in their play.
心理动力游戏治疗：一种较心理分析游戏治疗更简单、时长更短的替代方式，这种方法的前提是：很多儿童表面上的心理问题植根于意识和／或潜意识的情感困难中，并会体现在游戏中。
Registered Play Therapist (RPT) & Registered Play Therapist Supervisor (RPT-S) State licensed clinical mental health practitioners who have satisfied criteria established by the association for Play Therapy (www.a4pt.org).
注册游戏治疗师（RPT）与注册游戏治疗师督导（RPT-S）：持州立临床心理健康执照，并满足游戏治疗协会制定标准的从业者。
Relationship Play Therapy. An approach wherein the positive relationship that develops during play sessions between therapist and child as a result of the therapist’s attitude of acceptance, faith, and respect can provide a corrective emotional experience necessary for healing (Moustakas, 1997)
关系游戏治疗：一种在治疗师和儿童的游戏治疗单元期间发展积极关系的治疗方法，这是由疗愈所必需的——治疗师接纳、信任、尊重的态度所带来的修正性情感体验所产生的结果
Sandplay Therapy. An approach using play with sand and miniature objects that requires extensive training in Jungian interpretation and symbolism leading to a specialized certification.
沙游治疗：一种使用玩沙子和袖珍物品的方法，需要荣格学派的广泛训练，以解读其中的象征含义，受训后可申请特定认证。
Sand Tray Therapy. A trans-theoretical approach that uses miniatures, sand, and occasionally water to help clients communicate and process intrapersonal and interpersonal concerns.
沙盘治疗：一种跨理论的方法，使用袖珍物品、沙子，偶尔也用水，帮助来访者沟通和加工内在和人际方面的议题。
School-Based Registered Play Therapist. State licensed school counselors or school psychologists who have satisfied criteria established by the Association for Play Therapy (www.a4pt.org) .
驻校注册游戏治疗师：持州立执照的学校咨询师或学校心理学家，同时满足游戏治疗协会制定的标准。
Sensory-Motor Play. Play activities wherein children use both their senses and motor skills (e.g., an infant who mouths a rattle and then shakes it).
感觉运动游戏：在这种游戏活动中，儿童同时使用他们的感觉和运动技能（如：一个婴儿衔着一个拨浪鼓来回摇动）。
Short-Term Play Therapy. Play interventions that are planned to be effective within 10 to 20 sessions.
短期游戏治疗：计划在10-20次治疗中起效的游戏干预。
Solution-Focused Play Therapy. A time-limited approach that helps clients find their own answers to their problem(s) through the medium of play (e.g., puppets, sand tray, art).
聚焦问题解决的游戏治疗：限定时间的一种方法，通过游戏的媒介（如：偶、沙盘、美术等）帮助来访者找到自己问题的答案。
Thematic Play Therapy. An object-relations model of play therapy designed for children with attachment disorders.
主题性游戏治疗：一种游戏治疗的客体关系模式，为有依恋障碍的儿童设计。
Therapeutic Powers of Play. The mechanisms in play that actually produce the desired change in a client’s dysfunctional thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviors.
游戏的治疗性力量：在游戏中真正带来对来访者功能不良的思维、感受，和／或行为的机制。
Therapeutic Play. Play activities that reduce the negative impact of the common stresses of life.
治疗性游戏：降低生活普遍压力负面影响的游戏活动。
TheraPlay®. “A short-term, attachment-based intervention utilizing non-symbolic, interactional play to re-create experiences of secure attachment formation between parent and child.”
TheraPlay®：一种短期的、基于依恋的干预，使用非象征性的互动游戏来重塑亲子间的安全依恋经验。
Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy. A treatment for trauma-related impairment, including post-traumatic stress disorder, in which through play, children and their families learn skills to help cope with the traumatic experience(s) in a healthy way and to manage distressing thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
聚焦创伤的认知行为游戏治疗：一种治疗创伤相关的损伤，包括创伤后应激障碍，在游戏中，儿童和他们的家庭学习以健康的方式应对创伤经验、管理压力思维、感受、行为的能力。
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